Exercise Prevents Osteoporosis Essay -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

DiSilvestro et al., 2007, conducted an 8-week study; examining increased micronutrient intake in young adult women would enhance exercise-induced changes in bone metabolism that could lower the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Subjects were 24 female students 18-24 years old that were overall healthy and assigned to either the PG (Placebo group, n=12) or MG (micronutrient group, n=12). Fasting blood and urine samples were taken before and after the 8-week study to determine changes in: 25-OH-vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), Urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and helical peptide (AHP). A resistance exercise program consisting of: (3 sets/8-12 reps) bench press, bicep curl, shoulder press, seated row, leg extensions, hamstring curl, (1 set/failure) calf raises and abdominal crunches were conducted 3 d/wk for the 8-week study. The researchers compared the PG to the MG by paired t-test using Excel with a p A study by Maimoun et al., 2007, examined 13 healthy individuals (9 women and 4 men) aged 69-79 years old in an 8-week experimental study to test the effects of antioxidant supplementation with aerobic tr... ...nopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis. Gynec Endo. 2009;25(9):616-620. 5) DiSilvestro RA, Crawford B, Zhang W, Shastri S. Effects of micronutrient supplementation plus resistance exercise training on bone metabolism markers in young adult women. J Nutr Envi Med. 2007;16(1):26-32. 6) Kemmler W, Engelke K, Stengel S, Weineck J, Lauber D, Kalender WA. Long-term four-year exercise has a positive effect on menopausal risk factors: the erlangen fitness osteoporosis prevention study. J Strength Cond Res 2007;21(1):232-239. 7) Maimoun L, Simar D, Caillaud C, Peruchon E, Sultan C, Rossi M, Mariano-Goulart D. Effect of antioxidants and exercise on bone metabolism. J Sport Sci. 2008;26(3):251-258. 8) Pearson JA, Burkhart E, Pifalo WB, Palaggo-Toy T, Krohn K. A lifestyle modification intervention for the treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Health Promot. 2005;20(1):28-33.

Jane in the Wallpaper

In reading Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† I found the perspective of the woman’s mind-set towards the wallpaper to be out of the ordinary. At first the room and wallpaper were viewed to be â€Å"repellent, almost revolting† by the woman but later she grows â€Å"fond of the room in spite of the wallpaper†(Gilman 222). The woman goes back and forth from hating the paper to then becoming intrigued with it when she sees another woman within it. Her relationship with the wallpaper itself during the story grows, as does a bond between her and the woman inside the wallpaper.The article, â€Å"The Writing’s on the Wall: Symbolic Orders in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ †, written by Barbara A. Suess, details the matter of the relationship between the wallpaper and the woman even more. Suess argues that â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is about a mental breakdown of Jane, whose ever-expanding relati onship with the wallpaper is her attempt to represent herself. Suess contends that the woman is in fact Jane all along and is present both in the wallpaper and in the room the wallpaper contains.Suess believes Jane to be psychotic and through Lacanian’s Psychosis and examples in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† she is able to support her theory. Like Suess, I believe the woman in the story had a mental disorder and becomes the woman she grew fond of in the wallpaper. When analyzing Suess’s article I found that I agreed with several of her points. To better understand Suess’s argument, one must first have an understanding of law/order and imagination or Lacanian Psychosis, known as Symbolic Order and Imaginary Order because Suess uses it as evidence in her article.Symbolic Order is â€Å"the social world of linguistic communication, intersubjective relations, knowledge of ideological conventions, and the acceptance of law. † Once you recognize and accep t the â€Å"laws and restrictions that control both your desire and rules of communication,† the Symbolic Order is made probable. When the woman in the wallpaper appeared she was just a figment of imagination. But once the woman spoke to the woman in the wallpaper recognition occurred, which gave the woman in the wallpaper an identity that put the Symbolic Order in motion.With this recognition, the person is â€Å"able to enter into a community of others. † This happens as the woman starts to see more of the woman in the wallpaper outside of the windows. The woman in the wallpaper now has a relationship with the woman, and the woman is letting the woman in the wallpaper communicate with her. This opens up a world of others through the Imaginary Order—that is â€Å"the fundamental narcissism by which the human subject creates fantasy images of both [themselves] and [their] ideal object of desire† (Felluga). In Barbara A.Suess’s article she states th at the woman narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is in fact Jane, who is revealed to have escaped from the wallpaper at the end of the story. The woman/Jane had just given birth to a baby at the beginning of the story, which became an emotional point in her life. Jane is then sent to a place where she is to live in a room with yellow wallpaper covering the walls. In this place, thought to be a nursery but is more of a prison/mental institution based on the description, Suess says that Jane feels influenced by external forces, which causes Jane’s own â€Å"detached† ego.The wallpaper slowly, over a period of time, gains authority over Jane and it becomes the alternative where Jane turns. Even though Jane mocks the wallpaper at first, she steadily not only grows to like it, but also becomes attached to it and, in her mind, literally one with it. At this Suess goes into detail how Jane’s relationship with the yellow wallpaper and the woman within fit int o the Symbolic Order. Jane creates a new identification through her relationship with the wallpaper and transforms herself into the imaginary woman she sees in the wallpaper.Through the identification with the woman in the wallpaper, Suess notes that Jane’s first comprehension of an order is seen. Jane undergoes a battle with the woman in the wallpaper, who is Jane’s own alter ego. In the end the woman in the wallpaper wins. Suess declares that at the end of the story, the woman does not belong to the same world or have the same identity as she once had previously. After reading Barbara A. Suess’s article, my perspective of the woman’s mind-set towards the wallpaper to be out of the ordinary was influenced even more.In her article, Suess quotes â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† when describing the room, or prison, that the woman is staying in. Not only does she mention the â€Å"bed is bolted to the floor, the windows are barred, and there are rings and things on the wall,† but also that â€Å"the wallpaper on the wall above the bed is torn off as far as she [the woman] can reach† (Suess 91). When the woman describes this torn-off paper, she tells it as if someone else has torn it off the walls, when in fact she is the one who has torn it off. The woman does not recall this because she was not mentally herself.Suess uses this information to serve as an example of an â€Å"influence by external forces† said to be part of the Symbolic Order. In Suess’s article she quotes scholarly work from Michael Walsh, â€Å"when a person enters the Symbolic Order, he or she does all of the following: enters the realm of language, gains a connection with the Name-of-the-Father, finds a place in the world of others, and is provided with ‘the foundation of the objectification and unity of the self,’ † to help the reader better understand the process Jane goes through (Suess 83).These â€Å"external fo rces† represent the Name-of-the-Father—those that are not named—because they have not yet been named. Although Jane sees and feels their presence, the woman in the wallpaper for instance, they are in fact only in her head and not of the real world. Suess uses the line, this paper looks to me as if it knew what a vicious influence it had, to exemplify the woman’s realization of those presences. The wallpaper can have no influence on the woman because it cannot talk to persuade her to do something.Suess is stating that the only influence on Jane is what she hears in her head from her alter ego in the wallpaper. The woman says, â€Å"there are things in the wallpaper that nobody knows about but me, or ever will . . . it is like a woman† (Gilman 225). When Jane identifies the woman in the wallpaper, who is her own ego, the â€Å"realm of language† is opened. Jane has acknowledged her presence and by letting her in she opens a way of communication . Jane â€Å"not only grows to like [the wallpaper], but goes so far as to become, in her mind, literally one with it† (Suess 92).This is where Suess believes the woman has found a â€Å"place in the world of others† like Walsh states. The woman’s relationship with the wallpaper and the woman in it is beginning to make her leave the real world and go to become part of that of the imaginary. The woman’s reality and imaginary life start to become vaguely joined together. When writing about the woman in the wallpaper Jane records, â€Å"I think that woman gets out in the daytime! And I’ll tell you why—privately—I’ve seen her! I can see her out of every one of my windows† (Gilman 227).Jane was not seeing a different woman out of her window but seeing herself and her actions at a previous time when she was not herself. Her sense of reality is beginning to fade, for her imagination and alter ego are taking over. Suess states t hat the woman is transforming into the person she sees in the wallpaper who wants to escape the containment of that prison. On some days the woman is herself, than on other days the woman in the wallpaper takes over. It is a constant struggle of who will have control over the earthly body.At the end of the story, while escaping the room the woman is caught by her husband and remarks, â€Å"I’ve got out at last in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back† (Gilman 228). This ending completes the logic with the result of the Symbolic Order that Suess defines in her article by Walsh, which is proven with â€Å"the foundation of the objectification and unity of the self† (Suess 83). The woman in the wallpaper had finally taken over Jane. The foundation of the objectification, the woman in the wallpaper, became unified with the self, the woman/Jane.Jane does not belong to the same world or have the same ident ity as earlier,† she is now the woman who escaped from behind the wallpaper (Suess 95). Through all her details and evidence, I found Suess’s arguments to be very supported. Along with other documentation from other scholarly articles, there was enough evidence to not only back her study but to also reassure mine. The woman’s relationship with the woman in the wallpaper was such a strong bond that in the end, they become one with each other until the woman in the wallpaper took over. The woman, Jane, was no longer herself but a different person. Today a person of that nature would be classified as what Susse called the woman to be, â€Å"psychotic. †Bibliography Felluga, Dino. â€Å"Introductory Guide to Critical Theory. † Cla. Purdue. edu. Rhinocervs, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 20 Sept. 2009. . Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Lisa Moore, n. d. Print. 221-228 Suess, Barbara A. â€Å"The Writing’s on the Wall’ Symbol ic Orders in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper. ’† Women’s Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 32. 1 (2003): 79-95. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 21 Sept. 2009. .

Assess the view that Booker T. Washington was the most important leader in the development of AA civil rights Essay

Assess the view that Booker T. Washington was the most important leader in the development of African American Civil rights in the period 1865 to 1915? It could be argued that Booker T. Washington was the most important figure for developing black civil rights. Washington lived between 1856 and 1915 and was born into a slave family on a Virginia tobacco plantation. He was raised in a log cabin with no windows or beds. After the civil war and the emancipation proclamation his family moved to West Virginia where he worked as a coal miner and domestic servant while acquiring some form of schooling. When he was older he attended the Hampton Institute in 1872 and learnt various trades, his entrance examination consisted of cleaning a room. He then began a career as a teacher in West Virginia, then at the Hampton Institute and then was finally offered the position of founder and principal of Tuskegee in 1881 which was a college which had neither land nor buildings. Whether he was the most important leader is debatable as there were other leading figures trying to carve the way for black African American rights such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells and Thaddeus Stevens. The aims and methods of Booker T. Washington is one way of assessing if he was the most important figure in the development of African American civil rights. He was a accommodationist, this is a theory in which he thought that African Americans should accept the situation for the time being and develop a pragmatic approach, demands for civil rights should be put on hold and a longer term strategy of developing their own community through economic development and educational advancement would come to the forefront. However this was attacked by Northern black militants who thought he â€Å"sought to little†. Washington’s views was criticised by another major black leader of the era, W.E.B Du Bois who believed that civil rights must be obtained by protest and that without political and legal rights; the black community could not economically prosper. In my opinion Booker T. Washing had the better aims as even if blacks did receive civil rights, they wouldn’t of have the economic prosperity to fully express them and so this method would have benefitted the black community greater even though it may of taken longer than the radical protestors at the time thought acceptable. Considering the extend and severity of white hostility towards African Americans at the time, accommodationism was likely to have exploited the few rights that they had gained better than confrontation for more rights. During the period 1865 to 1915 Booker T. Washington had various successes throughout his career, this is another way of assessing if he was the most important leader in the fight for black civil rights. One of these successes was his â€Å"Atlanta compromise† speech in 1895 which was a success as no black speaker had ever spoken at an important southern gathering such as the world fair which expressed his views that â€Å"it was foolish to agitate for social equality. Equality would come through work not force.† It was also successful as other blacks supported his view and thought that economic advancement was all they could gain for the moment and didn’t have the desire to mix with whites. He also benefitted several generations of African Americans with vocational education at Tuskegee which helped them to have more economic opportunities. He also established the National Negro Business league to support black people when setting up businesses in 1900. In could argued that other figures had greater successes in the campaign for African American civil rights such as W.E.B. Du Bois who had a number of successes such a helping to establish the NAACP in 1909 which was one of the most important twentieth century black civil rights organisation . His influential writings that blacks had special cultural and spiritual aspects this increased the black community’s pride of their race which was shown in the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†. He also helped I believe that the impact of Washington’s success were great than Du Bois as he impressed many whites with the achievements and recognition with important political leaders such a Theodore Roosevelt who invited him to dine at the White House and used him as an advisor, which was remarkable at the time. Booker T. Washington also had a number of failures during his time when he was trying to improve the lives of African Americans, one of these failures was that by 1901 he was receiving a growing amount of critics who claimed he accepted the idea of white supremacy and had made no attempt to challenge the lower social position that blacks could not escape or to challenge the violent side of control such as lynching and even though he was a black advisor for several Presidents he did not use his position to try to change the political discrimination that blacks faced when trying to vote. Another failure that could be seen of Washington is that even despite his attempt to improve black education, black the literacy rate didn’t improve much and the gap of educational spending was widening between black and white schools, for every $2 spent on African American schools. Although this lowered his reputation It could be argued that he wouldn’t be able to change these factors however some of the black community argued he didn’t make enough of an effort to, which disagrees with the point that he was the most important leader in the development of African American civil rights in this time period. The legacy and influence that Booker T. Washington had on the development of African American civil rights, this is another way of evaluating how important he was as a leader. The influence he had on other blacks was inspiring as he advanced from being a slave to being appointed the principal of a college; this changed the mind set of blacks to thinking that if he can do it why can’t they. He also set a good example of self-discipline to his students. Between 1895 to 1905 he was also a main spokesman for the black people and gained several valuable contacts on the political scene which was dominated by whites. However it could be argued that Ida B. Wells had a great influence in the period due to her wide ranging activism especially in publicising lynching and the false rumours around it such as its cause being male black rape allegations. She also established institutes, national and local organisations that had lasting effect on communities; they benefitted both the black lower and middle classes. She also inspired women to take a more active role in campaigning for civil rights. Overall, taking all of the above factors into consideration I believe that Booker T. Washington could be considered the most important leader in the development of African American civil rights. Although it could be argued he didn’t achieve much in terms of actually gaining civil rights for blacks, the other prominent black leaders didn’t change much either and at least he was very influential figure and had several successes that were significant at the time, as shown his speech the â€Å"Atlanta compromise† which was supported by both whites and blacks. His connections in politics also seemed show that he was changing minds in the white dominated sector. He aimed to prove that blacks were just as hard working as whites and this was shown by increasing numbers of blacks being given jobs in vocational trades however this did not increase by as much as European immigrants. Other leaders may of contributed more by participating in major organisations such a NAACP that had made some advances in challenging court cases these organisations had more of an impact after the time period mentioned and so Washington can be credited with the most important African American leader between 1865 and 1915. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Proposal for Handicraft

PROPOSAL OF MODERN AND CLASSIC HANDICRAFT 1. 0 INTRODUCTION * This product is owned by MODERN AND CLASSIC HANDICRAFT SDN BHD. This company is located Bandar Hilir, Melaka. Handicraft is a product made by human’s hands without using any machinery or equipment. Generally handicraft means art or skills of hands are not usually dined with machines but rather with hand tools. The price that we offer is very affordable to our customer. 2. 0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3. 1 This company’s product is handicraft basket newspaper. It is made from recycling of paper such as old newspaper. 3. Our company has many competitors of handicraft such as a cane handicrafts, wood handicrafts, bamboo handicrafts, and shell handicrafts. Their design and collection very impressive and modern in the global design trend. Plus, they all have a great and cute design and have a lot of experience and ideas in the creation of handicraft. 3. 3 Our product features is made from newspaper. The creation are beau tiful and very high artistic. It does also promote recycling, have a light weight and easy to carry anywhere, durable, strong, very suitable in place in any room in the house and of course comes with cheap price. . 4 Our special features of product newspapers additional accessories such as ribbons to make a decoration into our product. It is to attract the people to buy our product because it is different from other products. 3. 5 Our product must be in the market because it is a very different product that other. An important that comes from this product is, it is made by hand. Moreover, it did not use any machine that harms an environment. Our product is also a terms combination in modern and classic handicraft.Another thing is, our main aim for this product to be on the market is, to avoid more pollution happen in our environment. Overall, this product is comes from the newspaper and 100% handmade product. It is value for the customers and the quality of the product is guaranteed . In this product, the customer also can find another design instead the small one and the big one. Example, the basket and dustbin. 3. 6 Our product is suitable for the bride, house wife, traditional and handicraft collector, and also some restaurant owner.This target of customers will likely to buy this product for specific purpose. For example the restaurant owner will buy our product for unique decoration of the table to place tissues. Same also goes to house wife. 3. 0 The objectives of our company are: 4. 7 To introduce to the people the uniqueness of our product that is comes from the newspaper. * The main option to produce this handicraft is to reduce the pollution and show benefit of that comes from recycles work. It is also will show the uniqueness about product that made by hands and uses the newspaper as the main item.We did not use any machines, so it will reduce many cost and can save the budget to produce our product. 4. 8 To share an interest from the shareholders of making a product that can build a good environment. * Our shareholders want to have a good environment in order to produce any product. We decide to bring our company name as a company that have a safe environment in workplace, also bring the interest of the shareholder. It can be proven by there’s no pollution like the factories of making any handicraft product.In terms to get any profit, we also remain the importance that we have care about our environment 4. 9 To market a various shape of handicraft product. * Our product is comes with various shape that will catch the interest of the consumer. Another important objective that we hold in this company is to bring a large marketing of our product. Instead people want to using a product to store a things from a plastic product, we want to make a new marketing about to store a product that comes from recycle things, and to give an awareness to the consumer about reduction of pollution. * 4. SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR COMPANY: 5. 10 To get the profit from a good product that we have made It is a valuable works that comes from a hand. Thus, it is important for the company to get the real profit from the product, so the worker in the company will feel the value that comes from the product. Instead, this is new innovation that the company wants to bring to the consumer. By only using a newspaper, there’s many benefit that everyone can share. 5. 11 To ensure that customers are satisfied with the our design Our target are to give our customer believe and satisfy with our design and collection.Although, we want them feel happy and should collect or buy our product again. It is because we will get satisfication our design with affordable price. 5. 12 To protect the environment Newspapers could be used to protect the environment and prevent pollution. Our product can also save money by recycling newspapers. Nowadays, there’s so many production of the products. People just want to get the profit, but didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t think the effects that it will brings to environment. By this product, it will show the important on how the way effective of protect the environment.

Conventional Accounting Essay

Conventional accounting may not be suitable for environment and social applications. When company’s economic benefits are at odds with environmental and social benefits, conventional accounting concentrates only on the enterprises’ benefits and does not pay attention to the natural environment and human society. (Hooper et al., 2008). Conventional accounting merely presents the information about enterprise’s financial position and performance so as to meets the objective of shareholders and investors. Such approach does not satisfy other stakeholders’ interests and information needs (Dana, 2008). Conventional accounting often treats the environmental impacts from business activities as externalities, such as the pollution of industrial emissions. It will not disclose the information about environmental damages and social costs of pollution, only if the environmental impacts lead to penalties or the cost of cleanup (Stefan and Roger, 2000). In order to improve enterprise’s profitability, conventional accounting suggests managers to use machinery or technology instead of labor force, which result in some negative impacts on society. High unemployment often causes a decrease in quality of life and a rise of crime rate, and also may bring about interpersonal conflicts in company (John, 2009). Conventional accounting usually ignores these costs of unemployment in the account of company. However, conventional accounting may be applicable to environmental and social issues, when the costs of business activities are redefined by containing their environmental and social costs. Such as the activities’ costs is to the enterprise instead of environment or society. This reclassification can help enterprises to decrease the costs of environment and society and thus improve enterprises’ environmental and social performance.

Atomic Bomb

Atomic Bomb Essay By: ozebra E-mail: emailprotected Was Atomic Bomb Essay Necessary? August 6th, 1945, 70,000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue over whether or not the US should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? Yes, it was. First, we must look at what was going on at the time the decision was made. The US had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Morale was most likely low, and resources were probably at the same level as morale. However, each side continued to fight, and both were determined to win. Obviously, the best thing that could have possibly happened would have been to bring the war to a quick end, with a minimum of casualties. What would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? The most obvious thing is that the war would have continued. US forces; therefore, would have had to invade the home island of Japan. Imagine the number of casualties that could have occurred if this would have happened! Also, Allied Forces would not only have to fight off the Japanese military, but they would have to defend themselves against the civilians of Japan as well. It was also a fact that the Japanese government had been equipping the commoners with any kind of weapon they could get their hands on. It is true that this could mean a Japanese citizen could have anything from a gun to a spear, but many unsuspecting soldiers might have fallen victim to a surprise spear attack! The number of deaths that would have occurred would have been much greater, and an invasion would have taken a much longer period of time. The Japanese would have continued to fight the US with all of what they had; spears, guns, knives, whatever they could get their hands on, just as long as they continued to fight the enemy. A counter argument for dropping the A bomb is that Japan was so low on resources due to the US blockade and co uld not resist for a long time. Japan obviously was very low on resources, however, Japanese civilians were ready to die with spears in their hands, surely the military would do the same. Besides, the Japanese military did still have some resources to go on. So again I must bring out the fact that Japan could have continued to fight, and they would have. And Im sure anyone can realize what would happen if the war continued; more deaths. It was the atomic bomb that forced Japan to surrender and in turn saved thousands if not millions of lives. I dont believe that Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the best places to bomb, due to the high civilian numbers; however, it is still my belief that the Atomic Bomb was necessary to end the war. Also, leaflets and warnings had been issued to the people of those cities warning them of an attack. Some say that the United States should have warned what kind of attack it would have been. This however seems ridiculous to me. It shouldnt matter what kind of warning is given, a threat under such conditions should be taken seriously. I do not believe the second A-Bomb was necessary, it was dropped merely to show the supreme power of US government and warn USSR under Stalins rule. After the first bomb US government should have waited. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th 1945 and the second was dropped on Nagasaki three days later on 9th. READ: Overcoming My Fears Essay The bombs caused a horrible destruction which was never seen before and the radioactive effects have been carried on over generations. I am certain that despite other arguments, the Atomic Bomb was a necessity. Without it, the number of men that would have died on both sides far surpasses that of the number that were killed in the droppings of both Atomic Bombs. Lets face it, the goal of waging war is victory with minimum losses on ones own side, and if possible a minimum amount of losses on the enemys side. .

Targeted Work Class Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Targeted Work Class - Research Paper Example Wal-Mart is capable of achieving these objectives while still maintaining and improving profitability and market share. This work processes will be met by the linking of work groups and their processes in the internal customer and supply chains (Dreher & Dougherty, 2001). Once this is achieved, this linked functional work processes will become the major cross functional processes by which Wal-Mart’s externally focused business objectives will be met. This paper will examine the work processes and key employees of Wal-Mart stores. It will further discuss the changes that Wal-Mart will make in line with the strategic challenges it might experience in the future. This will include the types of workforce needed, the knowledge, skills and appropriate abilities. The compensation and benefits of Wal-Mart Stores will also be given. It is worth noting that these key cross functional business processes will be highly dependent on the way in which the management at Wal-Mart will structur e these processes. This can be done in two ways; through the delivery processes and the support processes. Delivery processes, in this case, refers to the customer facing processes while the support processes are those that are required to sustain the delivery functions. The delivery processes, at Wal-Mart, will involve the product service development process, customer order process and product service maintenance process. The product service development process headed by the Products Development Manager will ensure the development of new product offerings from the concept, all the way through research, development, introduction and update, to the withdrawal from the market. The customer order process headed by the Customer Care Manager will involve the requirements of customers for products or services from the moment the customer enquires all through the distribution and sale. The product service maintenance process headed by the Product Development Manager will be the provision o f the after sale services and support (Dreher & Dougherty, 2001). One the other hand, the support processes will entail the human resource acquisition process and the business management process. The human resource acquisition process will be headed by the Human Resource Manager whose job will be to provide and maintain Wal-Mart’s personnel from manpower, planning, skills profile, recruitment, induction, training to development. The HRM will also be in charge of succession plans, motivation, appraisals, disciplinary actions, termination, retirement and pension administration (Andersen & Narus, 1999). The business management process headed by the Business Manager will be in charge of the process of managing the business operations from defining the future vision and mission of Wal-Mart to developing long term business plans, defining the business objectives, annual opportunities and financial planning. The Business Manager will also monitor performance and provide functional g uidance and direction to business plans review and revision. Wal-Mart will have to change in order to meet its strategic challenges in the future by being attentive to the customers and the market. Through information generated during the strategic management work process, they will be able to gather customer requirements related to the strategic challenges they face (Dreher & Dougher